Portraits through the ages

In The Crown, Season 1, we see a very young Queen Elizabeth II receiving a meaningful lesson from her grandmother Queen Mary; her task as head of state is to do nothing and be impartial at all times. The monarch’s duty is to inspire unshakeable certainties: the less she does, the better. That is what is expected of her. Yet some of the most brilliant women in British history have been trailblazers, leaving their mark on the world by spearheading a new age capable of obscuring whatever was there before. Starting with Boadicea (“the victorious”), the queen who led an uprising against the Romans in 60 A.D., or Elizabeth I, who many considered illegitimate, both with regard to her birth, gender and religion. The Elizabethan period was a shining “Golden Age”, a turning-point, nothing would ever be the same afterwards. The Virgin Queen’s portraits testify to her unshakeable self-assurance in fulfilling the role she had carved out for herself. It has been announced that new photographic portraits of the probable future Queen, H.R.H. the Duchess of Cambridge, on the occasion of her 40th birthday will be on display in the National Portrait Gallery. Kate Middleton can be compared to Angelica in Italian novel Il Gattopardo (“The Leopard”): a woman who comes with good looks, a dowry and is at ease in society. On 6 February Elizabeth II will be celebrating the 70th anniversary of her accession to the throne and Kate is, perhaps, her ideal successor because she is both beautiful and cautious. That’s why Paolo Roversi’s photo seems to us a convincing portrait of her at this time. Our birthday wishes to Kate are to make a clean break with the past: may her future be as bold as the brushstroke of her eyeliner. Name Day St Felix of Nola

Epiphany and Epiphanies

If we delve into the etymology of the word “Epiphany” we discover that it actually means “manifestation” (as well as “revelation” or “realization”) (1). In the Western Christian tradition, yesterday we commemorated the Magi’s adoration of Baby Jesus, the feast day also marking His first public appearance. As the Gospel According to St Matthew recounts, not trusting King Herod, afterwards the Three Kings returned to their own countries via another route. The decision was not without consequences: on one hand there was the Massacre of the Innocents, on the other the Flight into Egypt. Tomorrow would have been David Bowie’s birthday (2) and, in three days time, it’s also the anniversary of his death; in the accompanying booklet to one of his last albums (Heathen, 2002), (3) the pop star leaves us a ‘cameo’: Guido Reni’s painting The Massacre of the Innocents which today hangs at the Pinacoteca in Bologna. From the year zero, via the 17th century, the blood-curdling episode has ended up inside a pop album. If we move just a little southwards, to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, on a canvas painted in the same century we can see the Holy Family taking a rest during the flight into Egypt and doing their laundry: they’re all busy, including Joseph, in this other ‘snapshot’ of those times. Epiphany, therefore, in the sense of alternative manifestations that unexpectedly pop up in non-religious ambits, or which can be viewed from secular perspectives, even within the ‘halos’ of our own homes. We like to think of the word’s multiple meanings as being as imaginative as a pair of mismatched socks   Onomastico San Raimondo

31 December: New Year’s Eve

As if we were catapulted into Hogwarts castle, let’s imagine entering a dark room and, candelabra in hand, illuminate all the scenes of this year one by one. Perhaps for some we deserve a slap (not a slap, not even Boniface VIII). But for others, we couldn’t help but give ourselves a caress. There will be points we haven’t reached and which, in this room, will necessarily remain dark. Perhaps in 2022 we will be able to shed even more light on ourselves, perhaps by summoning lateral thinking more often: this is a bit what we have tried to do with “Imaginarea Daily” in these 365 moons. Therefore, the gauntlet for 2022 is drawn. Meanwhile, for tonight, happy New Year’s Eve and happy New Year’s Eve!   Name day San Silvestro I, Pope

30 December: Rudyard Kipling was born on this day in 1865

In “The Jungle Book” Mowgli is saved by Kaa the snake who frees him from a tribe of apes by hypnotising them. Some specialists trace our ancestral fear of this reptile back to that felt by primates from whom, non-coincidentally, we are said to descend. The fact is that snakes do hypnotise us: it happened to Eve, as well as to those ill-fated mortals who looked at Medusa a split-second before being turned to stone…. Apart from the two interlocked serpents who have become the symbols of doctors and pharmacists, “The Jungle Book” is one of those rare cases in which this animal is presented in a positive light: he’s something of a helper, maybe deaf initially but when he gets going he’s a source of memory. His function will change from the Disney cartoon onwards where he’s a lacklustre character and a secondary enemy (the main one being the tiger). In spite of these deletions, we prefer the version that is closest to the novel. Zoos (iconographic or semantic ones included) are also beautiful because they are so varied.   Name Day St Felix I, Pope

29 December: Charles Goodyear was born on this day in 1800

The jazz musician Gil Evans used to say that all art should be an experiment, and that masterpieces were successful experiments. In 1839 Charles Goodyear accidentally dropped some India rubber (compounded with sulphur) onto a hot stove and discovered that this caused the rubber to vulcanize. After that moment, transport would never be the same again, although Goodyear’s own life did not roll along quite as smoothly: much fighting ensued over his patents and he even landed in prison in Paris on account of the heavy debts resulting thereof. Art was our starting point because rubber tyres have always been able to conjure up interesting scenarios: just try counting the number of novels, books or films that have been inspired by motorbikes (to limit ourselves to two-wheelers). Small masterpieces, some of them, the result of a very successful experiment indeed. Name Day St Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury

28 December: The “Don Camillo” stories started appearing on this day in 1946

Luigi Meneghello is one of the least-known Italian writers, yet also one of the most brilliant of his times. He was born in a rural town in the Venetia region but moved to England after the War. There, far from his homeland, he devoted himself to Italian Studies and the teaching of Italian. This was more or less the same period in which Giuseppe Guareschi began to publish his “Don Camillo and Peppone” stories on a weekly magazine called “Candido, settimanale del sabato”. The backdrop against which these well-known characters are continually at loggerheads with one another was also that of a rural Italian town. These characters are always so strongly in the limelight that few bother to look at the setting, which is in fact very similar to that depicted by the painter Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo. So let us, for once, look at his paintings without a heavy heart. Luigi Meneghello describes the people there with the word “need”, used in relation to sundry things: their many basic needs, their obligations (“one needs to work”), not forgetting their moral philosophy (“one needs to be good”). And yet, when all was said and done, what need was there for anything more than what they already had? These people would go cycling along the banks of the River Po, they would merrily celebrate their town’s patron saint, and the innkeeper’s wine was always of the best. There’s no doubt that these simple characters needed to tighten their belts now and then, but they also knew how to sit tall in their saddles. Name Day Feast of the Holy Innocents

27 December: The play “Peter Pan” received its world premiere on this day in 1904

In “Peter Pan” a crocodile has swallowed Captain Hook’s clock. That’s not going to happen to our clock, so let’s give ourselves five minutes to take a quick trip to “Neverland”… Time has certainly ticked by since J.M. Barrie’s play debuted at the Duke of York’s Theatre in London: a huge success that stretched way beyond its niche (Edwardian children’s literature) and gave its name to a condition that is often mentioned in books on psychology, conversations between friends or arguments between lovers: the Peter Pan Syndrome. Yet, we don’t feel we can stigmatise the syndrome entirely seeing that, as was the case for Wendy, it constitutes an ingredient for making up fairy stories. Even though in the end the young lady concluded that growing up wasn’t so bad after all, and consequently decided to leave Neverland, she took with her a bottle of something similar to pixie dust: imagination. To be sprinkled generously to ensure that one continues to believe in fairies. Name Day: St John the Apostle

26 December: Boxing Day – The Feast of Stephen

Holidays often mean outings and so, should you go visiting churches and museums, you might well come across images of St Stephen: you’ll know it’s him because he’ll be holding a stone. He is venerated as the protomartyr of Christianity, and on the day when we often need to beef up the leftovers of yesterday’s dinner, it’s quite amazing to discover that he used to work distributing food to the poor from the kitchens of Jerusalem. So, if yesterday’s light came to fill the hearts of people, this young man was the first to roll up his sleeves to keep that light burning. Alas, it’s a story that doesn’t have a happy ending. Yet at the Poldi Pezzoli Museum in Milan we came across a painting where Stephen is holding a palm, symbolising his martyrdom, from which the bud of a new fruit seems to be sprouting. Whether one is a believer or not, the message inherent to this image is quite clear. As for us, we can always use some delicious ‘first fruits’ for our Christmas decorations. Name Day:St Stephen

25 December: Merry Christmas!

On any day of the year, anyone who looks into a cradle basks in reflected glory. Correggio and Jacopo Bassano knew this very well, having depicted exactly this state in all their nativity scenes. We could mention thousands of paintings where the shepherds’ faces are illuminated by a shining light that cannot quite be expressed in words. Maybe that’s why in the Gospel According to St Luke we are told that Mary preferred to stay silent and that she “kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart.” These days are often referred to as days of waste, yet today we will have a surplus of light with us. So what are we going to do with it? Our wish is to get a chance to share it with someone like Italian poet Ungaretti who writes that he prefers to be on his own, with his fireside’s “four somersaults of smoke”. And who knows, maybe tomorrow all our problems will have been miraculously untangled. We wish you a merry Christmas, from the bottom of our hearts. Name Day:St Anastasia

24 December: Christmas Eve

In our grandparents’ days, we Italians were used to observing a strict fast on Christmas Eve. Nowadays, instead, frugality has been left down in the cellar while upstairs in the kitchen everyone is waiting eagerly to tuck in to a Pantagruelian feast. “What’s so unpleasant about being drunk? Ask a glass of water!” writes Douglas Adams in “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”. Adams’ pungent wit serves to remind us that there is someone in a state of trepidation, and that ‘someone’ is none other than Mr Stomach who knows full well that a tour de force is about to begin shortly and that it can be expected to carry on until January 6th. Perhaps he wishes that, at least on Christmas Eve, we could go back to our grandparents’ sensible habit. With that in mind, the very least we can do is to dedicate some raw vegetables to Mr S – Christmas style, of course. Name Day: St Irma